1.) An existing insurable interest
2.) Insured is subject to a risk of loss
3.) Insurer assumes the risk of loss
4.) The assumption of risk is part of a general scheme to distribute actual (economic) losses
5.) Payment of the premiums
If the first 3 elements are the only ones present, the contract is a risk-shifting device.
An insurance contract insures against economic loss by distributing it among all those who are subject to the same risk. This is done through the payment of a premium to a general fund specified for the loss in question. Therefore, each member contributes in a small way to the compensation of losses another member suffers. By entering into a contract of insurance, the member who suffers loss is protected from absorbing his losses alone.
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